P-2.in:Introduction

1. 1Psychotherapy is a process that changes the view of the self. 2At best this “new” self is a more beneficent self-concept, but psychotherapy can hardly be expected to establish reality. 3That is not its function. 4If it can make way for reality, it has achieved its ultimate success. 5Its whole function, in the end, is to help the patient deal with one fundamental error; the belief that anger brings him something he really wants, and that by justifying attack he is protecting himself. 6To whatever extent he comes to realize that this is an error, to that extent is he truly saved.

2. 1Patients do not enter the therapeutic relationship with this goal in mind. 2On the contrary, such concepts mean little to them, or they would not need help. 3Their aim is to be able to retain their self-concept exactly as it is, but without the suffering that it entails. 4Their whole equilibrium rests on the insane belief that this is possible. 5And because to the sane mind it is so clearly impossible, what they seek is magic. 6In illusions the impossible is easily accomplished, but only at the cost of making illusions true. 7The patient has already paid this price. 8Now he wants a “better” illusion.

3. 1At the beginning, then, the patient’s goal and the therapist’s are at variance. 2The therapist as well as the patient may cherish false self-concepts, but their respective perceptions of “improvement” still must differ. 3The patient hopes to learn how to get the changes he wants without changing his self-concept to any significant extent. 4He hopes, in fact, to stabilize it sufficiently to include within it the magical powers he seeks in psychotherapy. 5He wants to make the vulnerable invulnerable and the finite limitless. 6The self he sees is his god, and he seeks only to serve it better.

4. 1Regardless of how sincere the therapist himself may be, he must want to change the patient’s self-concept in some way that he believes is real. 2The task of therapy is one of reconciling these differences. 3Hopefully, both will learn to give up their original goals, for it is only in relationships that salvation can be found. 4At the beginning, it is inevitable that patients and therapists alike accept unrealistic goals not completely free of magical overtones. 5They are finally given up in the minds of both.